Modification-free boron-doped diamond as a sensing material for direct and reliable detection of the antiretroviral drug nevirapine

In this work, non-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) was employed first time ever as the sensing material for in-depth voltammetric study of antiretroviral drug nevirapine (NVP) used to treat HIV infections. Two types electrode surface pre-treatments, anodic oxidation and alumina-polishing, yielded BDD different chemistry, denoted O-BDD p-BDD, respectively. Induced alterations in composition reflected distinct responses NVP, also dependant on pH medium. The electrochemical NVP both electrodes, whose mechanism is proposed herein, has an irreversible character controlled by diffusion. analytical figures merit were assessed a 2.0 buffer O-BDD, supporting electrolytes 5.0 13.0 p-BDD using differential pulse voltammetry. Overall, provided signals excellent intra- inter-day repeatability (RSD ? 5.0%) which remained unaffected even presence common interfering compounds (e.g., glucose, ascorbic acid, uric dopamine). Even though outperformed terms sensitivity lowest detection limit achieved (0.04 ?M), highly favourable parameters fulfilling requirements clinical application monitoring biofluids. This proved electroanalysis synthetic serum samples where recovery values between 96.3 103.0% successfully achieved. Finally, unique properties allowed develop direct, modification-free, reliable protocol detection, paves way full sensor development.